[Rwanda Forum] Ubutumwa Umuyobozi wa RUD-Urunana Ageza Ku Banyarwanda ku Munsi w'Icyunamo Cyaturutse ku Ntambara y'Ubwicanyi Ndengakamere Yatangijwe na FPR Inkotanyi ku Italiki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990

Ubutumwa Umuyobozi wa RUD-Urunana Ageza Ku Banyarwanda ku Munsi w'Icyunamo Cyaturutse ku Ntambara y'Ubwicanyi Ndengakamere Yatangijwe na FPR Inkotanyi ku Italiki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990

https://www.nationaldemocraticcongress.org/index.php/2014-05-21-10-51-24/219-ubutumwa-umuyobozi-wa-rud-urunana-ageza-ku-banyarwanda-ku-munsi-wicyunamo-cyaturutse-ku-ntambara-yubwicanyi-ndengakamere-yatangijwe-na-fpr-inkotanyi-ku-italiki-ya-1-ukwakira-1990

Ubutumwa Umuyobozi wa RUD-Urunana Ageza Ku Banyarwanda ku Munsi w'Icyunamo Cyaturutse ku Ntambara y'Ubwicanyi Ndengakamere Yatangijwe na FPR Inkotanyi ku Italiki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990

National Democratic Congress

01 October 2023

UBUTUMWA UMUYOBOZI W'URUNANA RW'ABAHARANIRA UBUMWE NA DEMOKARASI / RALLIEMENT POUR L'UNITE ET LA DEMOCRATIE URUNANA / RALLY FOR UNITY AND DEMOCRACY AGEZA KU BANYARWANDA KU UMUNSI W'ICYUNAMO CYATURUTSE KU NTAMBARA N'UBWICANYI NDENGAKAMERE FPR INKOTANYI YATANGIJE MU RWANDA KU ITALIKI YA MBERE UKWAKIRA 1990.

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi,

Uyu munsi, taliki ya mbere y'Ukwakira 1990, turibuka intambara FPR Inkotanyi yashoje mu Rwanda iturutse muli Uganda. Iyo ntambara niyo yagejeje FPR Inkotanyi ku butegetsi imaze guhitana abanyarwanda benshi ikoze itsembabwoko n'itsembatsemba,  aliko FPR Inkotanyi yo ikavuga ko ali jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.

Mw'izina ryanjye no mu izina ry'abo dufatanije muri  RUD Urunana (Ralliement pour l'Unité et la Démocratie - Rally for Unity and Democracy  - Urunana) na RPR Inkeragutabara duhuriye mw' Ishyirahamwe Riharanira Demokarasi ( Congrès National pour la Démocratie - National Democratic Congress - NDC / CND) ndabasaba ko uyu munsi twafata umunota umwe tukibuka abahitanywe n'iyo ntambara n'ubwo bwicanyi.

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi,     

 Twibukiranye ko FPR Inkotanyi itera U Rwanda mu ngingo yatangaga ari uko ngo yashakaga kurangiza ikibazo cy'Impunzi, kuzana demokarasi, no gucunga neza ibya rubanda.

Aliko nkuko mubizi, iyo mvugo yari ikinyoma. Nyuma y'uko FPR ifashe ubutegetsi, impunzi zikomoka mu Rwanda zariyongereye kw'isi kandi na n'ubu abanyarwanda bo mu moko yose baracyahunga. Demokarasi ntayo kuko ubutegetsi bufitwe n'umuntu umwe Gen. Paul Kagame, wigize umwami muli Republika. Ibintu byose biri mu Rwanda nk'ubutaka, ibihingwa, amashyamba cyimeza n'ibirimo  ni ibye; niwe wica agakiza; niwe utekerereza abanyarwanda bose; nta muntu umuvuguruza.

Gucunga neza ibya rubanda ntabyo kuko ibya rubanda ntibibaho. Imitungo ni iya General Paul Kagame n'agatsiko ke katarenze abantu magana abiri. Imitungo kandi yimuriwe mu mahanga nk'i Bulayi, Amerika na Azia.

Urubyiruko nirwo rukoreshwa mu kwiba kuko rushyirwa mu gisilikare noneho rukoherezwa mu bindi bihugu gusahurira agatsiko kari ku butegetsi.

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi,

Icyo Gen. Paul Kagame n'agatsiko ke bagezeho ni ukwemeza amahanga, gakoresheje amafaranga, ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside yakorewe abatutsi gusa. Hakirengagizwa ko FPR Inkotanyi yaturutse muli Uganda yica abanyarwanda, maze ikabarundanyiriza nk'ahantu ikabasukamo urusasu cyangwase igakoresha udufuni maze imirambo bakayitwikisha lisansi n'ibitunguru.

Ko mu Rwanda habaye jenosidede ntitubihakana ariko nihanavugwe ko habaye na jenoside y'abahutu cyangwa se jenoside y'abanyarwanda aribyo itsembatsemba n'itsembabwoko.

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi,

    Kugira ngo Gen Paul Kagame na FPR Inkotanyi bacuruze jenoside yakorewe abatutsi hubatswe inyibutso nyinshi mu gihugu maze igihugu bagihindura inyibutso ari nko kwibutsa abahutu ko bakoze jenoside no kwibutsa abatutsi ko Gen. Paul Kagame adahari abahutu bamara abatutsi.

Iyo abashyitsi basuye U Rwanda abambari ba FPR inkotanyi bihutira kujya kubereka uduhanga n'amagufa  bita ko aro ibyo abatutsi yarundanyijwe mu nyibutso. Cyakora twe abanyarwanda ntituyobewe ko utwo duhanga ari utwo abahutu, abatutsi n'abatwa kuko tuzi ko aho Interahamwe zicaga abatutsi ndetse n'abahutu, Inkotanyi zarahageraga zikica zikarunda imirambo hejuru y'imirambo zahasanze.

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi,

Umuco w'ubwicanyi FPR Inkotanyi yazanye mu Rwanda, ikawimurira muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo igiye gusahura, ugomba kurangira.

Mu gihe twibuka uyu munsi, nimureke twiyemeze gushakisha uburyo bwose bushoboka ishyano ryagwiriye U Rwanda ritakongera kubaho. Abatutsi n'Abahutu nibareke imvugo ihembera inzangano hagati y'amoko. Nibamagane amagambo yuzuye ingengabitekerezo ivuga ko hari ubwoko busumba ubundi mu Rwanda.

Abakoresha ibitangazamakuru cyangwa se abari mu mashyaka n'imiryango idafite aho ibogamiye (civil society) nibigishe ubworoherane (tolerance); nibaharanire gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi (democracy), ku buringanire imbere y'amategeko (rule of law), bwubahiriza uburenganzira bw'ikeremwamuntu (human rights) kandi bwemerera umuntu kwishakira imibereho (economic freedom). Umunsi ibi twabigezeho tuzunamira inzirakarengane zose nta vangura ry'amoko ribayeho nkuko Gen. Paul Kagame n'agatsiko ke babikora ubu.

Inzirakarengane zose niziruhukire mu mahoro. Imana nizihe iruhuko ridashira.

Imana ituyobore mu bikorwa bifitiye Abanyarwanda bose akamaro.

Bikorewe i Washington, DC, Tariki ya mbere Ukwakira 2023

Dr. Jean-Marie Vianney Higiro

Umuyobozi w'Urunana rw'Abaharanira Ubumwe na Demokarasi (RUD-Urunana) 

Rally for Unity and Democracy /Ralliement pour l'Unité et la Démocratie 

e-mail: urunana@ymail.com

web: http://www.ndcnd.org

---

### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###

[Rwanda Forum] Rwanda ambassador: Suella Braverman ‘absolutely wrong’ on immigration | Immigration and asylum | The Guardian





Rwanda ambassador: Suella Braverman 'absolutely wrong' on immigration | Immigration and asylum | The Guardian

The home secretary faces embarrassment after a covert sting operation filmed criticism of UK policy by a top official

Jon Ungoed-Thomas

Sat 30 Sep 2023 14.39 EDT

Johnston Busingye, high commissioner of Rwanda, backs the UK government's plan to send asylum seekers to his country, but said ministers needed to examine the driving forces of migration. He said it was "immoral" for Britain to claim to be a compassionate country.

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/sep/30/rwanda-ambassador-suella-braverman-absolutely-wrong-on-immigration

Rwanda ambassador: Suella Braverman 'absolutely wrong' on immigration

The home secretary faces embarrassment after a covert sting operation filmed criticism of UK policy by a top official

Jon Ungoed-Thomas

The home secretary, Suella Braverman, faces embarrassment over her immigration policy after the ambassador for Rwanda was filmed in an undercover sting claiming the UK government's position is "absolutely wrong".

Johnston Busingye, high commissioner of Rwanda, backs the UK government's plan to send asylum seekers to his country, but said ministers needed to examine the driving forces of migration. He said it was "immoral" for Britain to claim to be a compassionate country.

Busingye was covertly filmed in a meeting in a London club in an investigation by the campaign group Led By Donkeys conducted with the journalist Antony Barnett. The ambassador was told he was meeting a businessman from a south-east Asian company wanting to invest in his country.

His scathing comments are published after Braverman last week called for reform of the global migration system, warning uncontrolled migration was an "existential challenge" to western nations.

The investigation also raises new questions over the government plan to send asylum seekers to Rwanda and its record on human rights. The court of appeal ruled in June the plan was unlawful and the government has appealed to the supreme court, with a hearing in October.

Busingye appeared to speak dismissively about evidence that 12 refugees were shot dead by police in Rwanda in 2018. He said: "Yes, it might have happened, but so what?" The ambassador said this w eekend in response to questions from the Observer that the fatal shootings in western Rwanda were a tragedy.

During the meeting at the Travellers Club in St James's in August, he was asked what he would say to the prime minister or home secretary about the UK's immigration policy. He responded by saying he would tell them it was "absolutely wrong".

"They should have a long-term idea," he said. "They should have a long-term policy of making it a choice for people not to risk their lives coming to the UK. Because right now, many people are not coming here because of war in their country. No, they're coming here because they are hopeless. They're coming here because they have no future."

He said it was "immoral" for the UK to regard itself as a compassionate country. "[It] is immoral for this country to still see themselves as the refugee country, the solace country, the protection country, the compassion country," he said. "They enslaved millions of people for 400 years. They destroyed India, they destroyed China, they destroyed Africa."

The ambassador seemed perturbed over the media coverage of the fatal shootings of Congolese refugees protesting outside a UN high commissioner for refugees office in the Karongi district over cuts to food rations in February 2018.

He said: "Well, there is an incident in 2012 where the police shot 10 refugees. Yes, it might have happened, but so what? Here in the UK, someone is shot every day and it is on BBC and it is everywhere."

The ambassador said this weekend that he got the year of the shootings wrong. The reported number of dead is at least 12, according to reports compiled by Human Rights Watch.

During the meeting, the ambassador appeared reluctant to give a categorical assurance that any refugees transported to Rwanda from the UK would never be returned to their home country.

He said: "Even if it happened, in the unlikely event that it happened, how many times would it happen? And in broad daylight? We have a double British and Rwandan supervisory committee. It's very independent." Busingye was confirmed as high commissioner for Rwanda, an ambassadorial-level appointment, in March 2022, despite opposition from some MPs, including former Tory leaderIain Duncan Smith.

Busingye was justice minister when Paul Rusesabagina, whose efforts in saving more than 1,200 people from death were documented in the film Hotel Rwanda, was allegedly abducted and detained on charges including terrorism by the Rwandan government in August 2020 after being tricked into taking a chartered flight from Dubai to Rwanda.

Led By Donkeys set up a fake south-east Asian company and approached the public affairs agency Chelgate about investing in Rwanda. The London-based business has links to the Rwandan government, and its chairman, Terence Fane-Saunders, advised Busingye during the international condemnation over Rusesabagina's detention. He was freed in March after his 25-year sentence was commuted.

In an initial online meeting, Fane-Saunders, who was unaware the person he was speaking to was a fake businessman and part of a sting, explained the work he and his agency had done for the Rwandan government.

It included media training, arranging visits for journalists and advising Busingye when he was justice minister for a television interview with Al Jazeera on the detention of Rusesabagina. The footage of this session was later inadvertently sent to Al Jazeera.Fane-Saunders said in the online call he considered Rusesabagina had been kidnapped. He said: "The Rwandan intelligence service had heard he had chartered this plane…and they arranged with the plane that it should stop over in Kigali… It was quite funny. The definition of a kidnap. I mean, I think technically it was a kidnap."

The veteran public affairs executive also said Chelgate had helped arrange trips to Rwanda for journalists, but those who were thought to be critical were not invited. He said: "We haven't organised a trip for any hostile critics out to Rwanda," he said. "They would just be digging for negative stuff. "

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In March 2023, Braverman faced criticism that an official press trip to Rwanda excluded some media organisations, including the Guardian, the Daily Mirror and the BBC. Chelgate said it was not representing the Rwandan government at the time of the trip in March.

Fane-Saunders offered to arrange a meeting between the "businessman" and the ambassador during the online call in August. He also attended the lunch meeting with Busingye and the "businessman" at the Travellers Club that month.

Fane-Saunders said Chelgate does not currently work for the Rwandan government or represent it and his comments during the online meeting were made in a personal capacity. He said he was speaking "privately and informally" and the recording was made without permission.

He said neither he nor his company had a professional relationship with Rwanda, the Rwandan government or any of its representatives.

Busingye said in a statement to the Observer: "My comments about the short-term approach to migration is applicable to all nations in the global north." He said countries needed to invest strategically in countries fuelling migration and the Migration and Economic Development Partnership (MEDP) between the UK and Rwanda was "an important first step in addressing the imbalance in opportunities".

When asked why he considered it immoral for the UK to call itself a compassionate country, he said: "No country can claim to be wholly compassionate at all times. What's important is how we set about addressing the wrongs of the past."

He said the MEDP sought to do that and it had his full backing. He said no asylum seeker relocated from the UK would be forced back to their country of origin.

With regard to the shootings of refugees, he said that it was an isolated incident that had been fully investigated. He said: "Lessons have been learned by all relevant parties to ensure there are no repeats of such an incident.

"Rwanda has a well-established track record of providing safety, security, and opportunity for refugees."

A UK government spokesperson said: "We need innovative solutions to stop the boats and break the business model of the people-smuggling gangs – including our new Illegal Migration Act and our Migration and Economic Development Partnership with Rwanda.

"We remain fully committed to this policy, as does the Rwandan government. We will continue to defend the policy robustly in the courts."

The investigation by Led By Donkeys can be seen at youtube.com/@LedByDonkeys

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### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###

[Rwanda Forum] Rwanda is the ‘Wild West’ and should be removed from the mineral supply chain – Canadian Dimension

Rwanda is the 'Wild West' and should be removed from the mineral supply chain – Canadian Dimension
https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/rwanda-is-the-wild-west-and-should-be-removed-from-the-mineral-supply-chain

Rwanda is the 'Wild West' and should be removed from the mineral supply chain

Mining industry elites use their power to shield companies exporting massive amounts of smuggled minerals out of central Africa

Judi Rever / September 25, 2023 / 7 min read

AfricaGlobalization

Diggers at an entrance to a cassiterite mine in South Kivu, eastern Congo, 2015. Photo by Phil Hatcher-Moore.

Mark Twain, who wrote about thieves and conmen in America's "Wild West," famously said that a mine is a hole in the ground with a liar on top. If there is any country where Twain's maxim has contemporary relevance, it is Rwanda. Over the last decade Rwanda has positioned itself as an exciting hub for producing and trading minerals essential to the global economy, chief among them tantalum, a metal that stores electricity and is used to manufacture cell phones, camera lenses, computers, jet engines, and weapons systems.

By 2018, Rwanda was said to have become the world's leading tantalum producer and exporter. By then, the United States was importing an astonishing 39 percent of its tantalum ore and concentrates from this tiny central African country, substantially more than from any other, including neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), whose mineral deposits next door have never been in dispute. Amid the resource wars of the 21st century, tantalum (a derivative of coltan ore) has become one of the most strategically coveted minerals by Washington's military industrial complex. It is no longer possible for the US to wage battles abroad without tantalum. Quite apart from the fact that the mineral was now a key ingredient in nuclear reactors and Tomahawk missiles, tantalum has also become a critical component of the quintessential American warrior's armour: it is among a few dozen metals used to manufacture the US Navy's elite special forces' gear. And yet the US is unable to produce any tantalum of its own—it has become increasingly reliant on central Africa for the steady, cheap supply of this commodity.

Rwanda—seemingly a stable, structured nation—has been eager to show that it is a legitimate supplier of strategic minerals. In 2018, Rwanda's showcase artisanal mine for the international audience was H&B Mining, whose minerals were exported by Minerals Supply Africa (MSA). MSA's chief executive was David Bensusan, a British national who was known as Kigali's king of trading. For decades, Bensusan exported the lion's share of Rwanda's minerals, procuring and processing 3T minerals—tin, tungsten and tantalum—for the global market.

It was only fitting, then, that the global trade association for tantalum, the Tantalum Niobium International Study Centre (TIC), hold its annual general meeting in Kigali in October 2018. MSA (Bensusan's personal export vehicle) along with H&B and the Rwandan government's Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board hosted the event. The visit to H&B's mine in the eastern town of Rwamagana was an opportunity for a hundred or so mining delegates to see first-hand the production of tantalum and tin ore in Rwanda. In 2011, H&B became a member of ITSCI, a London-based initiative set up by industry to label and trace the origin of minerals as part of ostensible efforts to curb the violence, abuse and criminal networks associated with mineral extraction in central Africa. It was generally understood that minerals "bagged and tagged" under the ITSCI system came from mines that did not use child labour and were not exploited by armed groups. Minerals tagged in Rwanda meant they were not smuggled from the DRC. After years of inflicting unspeakable brutality on Congolese civilians in order to plunder its minerals and other natural resources, Rwanda wanted to prove to outsiders that it could conduct business legally and ethically, at home.

But shortly after the mining conference the curtain came down on H&B. Rwanda's most important tantalum mine quietly ceased operating, without explanation, and H&B's mining assets were sold off. To anyone paying attention and familiar with Rwandan mining, the closure was overdue damage control and made absolute sense. For many years, Bensusan and his Rwandan colleagues had an implicit contract with industry experts that doing a good job meant pretending Rwandan mines were producing increasing amounts of strategic minerals (and the economy was soaring). A CNN report announced that Rwanda had exported US$800 million in minerals in 2018. That figure came from the International Trade Association, an agency of the US Department of Commerce.

One industry player who has worked in mining for decades told me he'd been curious about H&B when he was in Rwanda. He went into H&B's tiny tunnels to find out. "I wanted to see the way they were working and what they were producing; I saw there was nothing really there." H&B was used along with other companies in Rwanda to launder minerals. "The minerals were coming from the DRC and crossing the border." Other sources who worked in Rwanda's mining community told me H&B had long been Bensusan's Potemkin Village that hid extensive fraud. H&B was merely one of many dummy mines where little or no minerals were actually extracted. Dummy mines are used by the Rwandan government to facilitate the illicit trafficking of minerals, to convince the international community that the vast amounts of 3T minerals being exported are actually produced in Rwanda.

The international community's eagerness to underwrite Rwanda's narrative spin and business burlesque has no doubt been useful over the years; the global supply chain for strategic minerals needs feeding and Rwanda is, to this day, considered an easy, "conflict-free" export hub for downstream buyers. The irony is that before he died of cancer in 2021, Bensusan had helped Rwanda plunder minerals from its neighbour for nearly two and a half decades. He had regularly bragged about helping to set up the notorious Congo Desk, a centralized military apparatus that Rwanda used to loot Congolese mineral resources from 1997 until 2003. The Congo Desk was a painful symbol of the ravaging of a nation and its people. Bensusan worked with Rwandan General James Kabarebe and other Rwandan oligarchs to bring Congolese minerals to Rwanda and on to global markets. Kabarebe was commander of Rwanda's first invasion of the DRC in 1996. UN investigators recently accused him and several senior Rwandan military officials of coordinating operations for a militia called the M23, whose members have raped and slaughtered Congolese civilians in the east of the country.

Other Western businessmen have been key frontmen for Rwandan military oligarchs during dark periods of violence in central Africa. Chris Huber, a Swiss national with multiple companies in Europe, Asia and Rwanda is known to be close to the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), led by President Paul Kagame. In recent years, Huber used two companies in Rwanda—Tawotin and Rudniki—to capture a quarter of Rwanda's coltan export market. Huber is currently under investigation by prosecutors in Bern over his business ties to a Kagame-backed militia that committed war crimes and pillaged mineral resources during the Second Congo War. In 2009, a UN investigation provided evidence that Niotan, a Nevada-based company with links to Huber, bought minerals from conflict zones and sold them to major companies manufacturing capacitors. The director of Niotan was John Crawley, the former head of the international tantalum trade association. For decades Huber and his partner Crawley have leveraged their connections to Rwandan officials and their rebel allies. In June 2021 these individuals were linked to trafficking minerals from blood-soaked Rubaya in northeastern DRC, through the purchase of tantalum through a well-known cooperative and exporter based in Goma, along Congo's border with Rwanda. What seemed central to Crawley's continuing ability to enrich himself and dodge the law was his role as industry referee and player. Crawley's global tantalum association plays an important role in the governance committee of ITSCI, the system set up to label and trace the origin of minerals which the OECD, the Security and Exchange Commission and Big Tech companies rely on to assess whether minerals are conflict-free.

Despite being repeatedly singled out by the UN, Crawley and Huber have never been sanctioned. Nor was Bensusan or any of the Rwandan oligarchs he worked with. But their unholy collaboration with ITSCI's bag-and-tag fiasco was finally exposed in 2022 by the international organization Global Witness. In a ground-breaking report based on extensive field work in mining areas and interviews with industry and civil society, Global Witness found evidence that ITSCI had effectively been used for massive mineral laundering, and that the tagging scheme was actually a driver of the smuggling. The NGO also said putting industry in charge of devising and overseeing a due-diligence scheme that its members stood to benefit from was akin to "putting a fox in charge of the henhouse."

By far, the most damning evidence that emerges from Global Witness is how mining industry elites, through ITSCI, used their power year-after-year to shield companies exporting the largest amount of smuggled minerals, and how those minerals undoubtedly entered the global supply chain. Three Rwandan companies linked to Huber exported minerals that were apparently smuggled to Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC) and Crawley's Hong-Kong based East Rise. Austrian smelter Wolfram Bergbau und Hütten (WBH) was also listed as a buyer of Huber's companies. Hewlett-Packard was listed as a brand using MSC as a supplier, while Nokia and Blackberry identified WBH as a smelter in their global supply chain. Consumer electronics companies such as Apple, Intel, Motorola, Samsung, Kyocera AVX and Kemet have also sourced from Rwanda, despite apparent warnings that most of the minerals sold in Rwanda were smuggled from the DRC.

What does this all mean for us? As global citizens, we now know that we can't rely on governments, industry regulators or companies to tell the truth and ensure responsible mineral supply practices. So it's difficult to know whether the products we hold in our hands have been a source of funding for armed groups, corrupt practices or slave labour. But as consumers we do have a measure of power in our purchase choices and the information we share. Rwanda, whose ruling elites have enjoyed impunity for nearly thirty years, is the apex predator in mineral-rich DRC. Why should our money be bankrolling these criminals? It's time that consumers demand Big Tech remove Rwanda and their Western mafia from the mineral supply chain.

Judi Rever is a journalist from Montréal and is the author of In Praise of Blood: The Crimes of the Rwandan Patriotic Front.

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### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###

[Rwanda Forum] KAMARAMPAKA 2023: DUTARAMIRE NYAKWIBUKWA MBONYUMUTWA DOMINIKO.

KAMARAMPAKA 2023: DUTARAMIRE NYAKWIBUKWA MBONYUMUTWA DOMINIKO.

https://www.youtube.com/live/_7nyfOyoQK4?si=cNnPDHatbmC8gxAy

### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###

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### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###

[Rwanda Forum] Ntabwo duteze kohereza undi Ambasaderi- Perezida Kagame yavuze ku Bubiligi bwanze Karega | IGIHE



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https://mobile.igihe.com/politiki/article/si-ubwa-mbere-icyo-rutaremara-avuga-ku-myitwarire-y-u-bubiligi-bwanze

### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###

[Rwanda Forum] Amerika Kwishitura Kagamistan. Abarundi bazasuzugurwa kugeza ryali? Nta mukozi w'Imana uba mu Rwanda

Amerika Kwishitura Kagamistan. Abarundi bazasuzugurwa kugeza ryali? Nta mukozi w'Imana uba mu Rwanda

https://youtu.be/7Ik1_BQsUtk?si=fBrLWFk2_GaHt5UG

### "Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence", George Washington. ###